PEM electrolyzer systems are emerging as a promising solution for the sustainable production of hydrogen. This technique utilizes an electrolyte membrane to divide water into its constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen, through an electrochemical reaction. The process is powered by electricity, which can be derived from renewable sources such as

The solid polymer electrolyte electrolyzer (SPE) system has emerged as a promising solution for electrochemical water splitting. This technology utilizes a polymer membrane to divide hydrogen and oxygen ions during the electrolysis of water. PEM electrolyzers offer several benefits, including high power output, fast dynamic behavior, and wide range